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譯林版八級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)期中點(diǎn)歸納(牛津初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí))

分類：基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 日期：2021-12-14 13:20 瀏覽：15 次

1.牛津初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)

八年級(jí)（上）英語(yǔ) 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)、詞組和句型Unit 1on weekends 在周末 go to the movies 去看電影 watch TV 看電視surf the Internet 上網(wǎng)沖浪twice a week 一周兩次once a month 一月一次three times a day 一天三次be good for 對(duì)……有好處junk food 垃圾食品how often 多久一次look after 照看eating habit 飲食習(xí)慣as for 就…而言stay / keep healthy 保持健康make a big difference 有很大不同、對(duì)…很重要1.What does she do on weekends？她在周末常干什么？2.She often goes to the movies. 她經(jīng)常去看電影。

3.I watch TV every day. 我每天都看電視。4.We often surf the Internet. 我們經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)。

5.I read English books about twice a week. 我大約一周兩次看英語(yǔ)書。6.I shop once a month. 我每月購(gòu)物一次。

7.She says it's good for my health. 她說(shuō)這對(duì)我的健康有利。8. How often do you eat junk food？你多久一次吃垃圾食品？9.I look after my health. 我照看我的健康。

10. My eating habits are pretty good. 我的飲食習(xí)慣相當(dāng)好。Unit 2have a sore throat 喉嚨痛see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)yang foods 陽(yáng)性食物be stressed out 壓力大a balanced died 平衡飲食healthy food 健康食品go to bed 上床睡覺(jué)listen to music 聽音樂(lè)conversation practice 對(duì)話練習(xí)a lot of 很多、很厲害1.I have a sore throat. 我喉嚨痛。

2.Maybe you should see a dentist. 也許你應(yīng)該看看牙醫(yī)。3.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef .你應(yīng)該吃熱的陽(yáng)性食品，像牛肉。

4. I'm stressed out. 我壓力太大。5. It's important to eat a balanced diet. 平衡飲食很重要。

6.You should eat fruit and other healthy food. 你一個(gè)吃水果和其它的健康食品。7. You should lie down and rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下來(lái)休息。

8. I like to listen to music. 我喜歡聽音樂(lè)。9. I really need some conversation practice. 我真的需要一些對(duì)話練習(xí)。

10. I have a lot of headaches. 我頭痛得很厲害。11.What's the matter (with you )？（你）怎么啦？I'm not feeling well. 我感覺(jué)不舒服。

12. That's a good idea. 好主意。13. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你盡快好起來(lái)。

Unit 3for vacation度假babysit sb.…照顧（嬰兒）how long多久go sightseeing去觀光go fishing去釣魚rent videos租賃錄像帶go camping去野營(yíng)on Monday在周一go hiking去遠(yuǎn)足go bike riding去騎車take walks散步an exciting vacation一個(gè)令人激動(dòng)的假期 a no-stress vacation一個(gè)沒(méi)有壓力的假期1.What are you doing for vacation？你假期要干什么？2.He's going camping with his parents.他要和父母去野營(yíng)。3.She's babysitting her sister.她要照看她妹妹。

4.I'm going on Monday.周一我要去。5.How long are you staying？你要呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？6.I'm going hiking in the mountains.我要到山中遠(yuǎn)足。

7.I'm going sightseeing.我要去觀光。8.I'm taking walks,going fishing,and going bike riding. 我要散步，釣魚，騎自行車。

9.I'm renting videos and sleeping a lot. 我要租賃錄像帶并且要大睡一覺(jué)。10.I want an exciting vacation! A no-stress vacation！我要過(guò)一個(gè)令人激動(dòng)的假期！一個(gè)沒(méi)有壓力的假期！Unit 4get to school到達(dá)學(xué)校how far多遠(yuǎn)from…to…從……到…… ride one's bike騎自行車the subway station地鐵站take the bus坐公共汽車the most popular最流行的think of看待，認(rèn)為North America北美 be different from與……不同depend on依靠，依賴1.How does Emilio get to school？愛米麗歐怎么去學(xué)校？2 .How far is it from your home to school ？從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？3.How long does it take you to get from home to school？從家到學(xué)校你花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？4_I ride my bike to the subway station.我騎車去地鐵車站。

5.In North America,not all students take the bus to sch001.在北美，并非所有學(xué)生坐公共汽車去學(xué)校。6.In China,bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中國(guó)，自行車和公共汽車是最流行的交通方式。

7.What do you think of the transportation in your town？你認(rèn)為你們鎮(zhèn)上的交通情況如何？8.Other parts of the world are different from the United States.世界上其他地方與美國(guó)不同。9. It depends on where you are. 它取決于你在哪里。

Unit 5come to 來(lái)到have /take a piano lesson 上一節(jié)鋼琴課would love to…愿意…一too much太多play soccer踢足球go to the doctor去看醫(yī)生，去看病study for a test 準(zhǔn)備考試have to不得不；必須the day after tomorrow 后天the science report科學(xué)報(bào)告1.Can you come to my party on Wednesday？你星期三能來(lái)參加我的晚會(huì)嗎？2.Sorry。I can't.I have a piano lesson. 對(duì)不起，我不能。

我要上鋼琴課。3.Sure.I'd love to.當(dāng)然，我愿意。

4.I'm playing soccer.我在踢足球。5.I have too much homework(to do) this weekend .這個(gè)周末我有太多家庭作業(yè)（要做）。

6.I have to go to the doctor.我得去看醫(yī)生。7.On Thursday,I'm studying for a test.周四，我要備考。

8.I can't join you because I have to help my mom? 我不能參加，因?yàn)槲乙獛臀覌寢尭苫睢?.I'm having a piano lesson the day after tomorrow?后天我要上鋼琴課。

10。.。

2.八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

人教版的（偶只學(xué)到了第6單元）

Unit1

要會(huì)描述出你最近經(jīng)常干的事情，語(yǔ)法沒(méi)什么難的（最好把3a背會(huì)）

單詞里注意hardly（否定詞） try(try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力做某事、try to do sth盡力做某事、try doing sth嘗試做某事) same(be the same as。和..一樣) differen(be

different from.. ..與..不同) although（不能與but連用）

Unit2

要會(huì)描述你的健康狀況和給出建議（還是背3a）

單詞沒(méi)有什么特別重點(diǎn)的，背會(huì)掌握基本的用法

Uint3——5都比較簡(jiǎn)單，能背的都背，沒(méi)什么壞處

Uint6是比較級(jí)注意比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成6條，在P93

還有1.同級(jí)比較

A is(be) as tall(adj.) as B A和B一樣高

2.比較級(jí) and 比較級(jí)

It gets colder and colder 天氣越來(lái)越冷了（。越來(lái)越。）

3.the 比較級(jí)。the 比較級(jí)

The more you eat ,the fatter you will get 你吃的越多，你將長(zhǎng)的越胖（越。越。）

4.倍數(shù) 比較級(jí) than

My room is three times bigger than yours 我的房間是你的4倍大

5.much/a little等修飾限定比較級(jí)，表示程度

It's much(a little)colder than yesteyday 今天比昨天冷的多（一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)）

知識(shí)點(diǎn),上冊(cè),英語(yǔ),期中

3.初二上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)?

八年級(jí)上冊(cè)各單元知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（新目標(biāo)）Unit1Unit 12 句子1.問(wèn)頻率 1.How often do you exercise? Once a day.2. What does she usually do on weekends? She usually watches TV.3. How many hours do you sleep?Nine hours.2 核心知識(shí)1.表頻率副詞：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never.2. once a week 一周一次，twice a year 一年兩次 three times a week 一周三次four times a month 一個(gè)月四次3. all, most , some , no 4. be good for sth./ doing sth. 對(duì)什么有益be bad for sth. /doing sth. 對(duì)什么有害5. want to do sth. 想要做某事 want sb. to do sth. 要某人做某事6. as for至于 7.try to do sth. 盡量做某事8. of course = certainly = sure當(dāng)然9. look after = take care of 照顧10. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康11. exercise=take exercise=do sports鍛煉 12. although == though雖然13. be the same as 與什么相同 be different from 不同14. how often 多久一次15. most of the students=most students 16. get good grades取得好成績(jī)17. some advice 中的advice是不可數(shù)名詞18. keep/be in good health保持健康19.shop=go shopping=do some shopping購(gòu)物20. surf the internet 上網(wǎng) 21. a lot of == lots of 許多22. health n., healthy adj. , healthily adv. , unhealthy adj. 23. different adj. difference n. 可數(shù)2 熟讀P1 1b , P 2 2a G.F, P3 3 , P5 3a 3b Unit 22 句子1. 看病用語(yǔ)①What's the matter(with sb.)？怎么了？= What's the trouble (with sb.)?= What's wrong (with sb.)? = Is there anything wrong (with sb.)？ ②I'm not feeling well. 我覺(jué)得不太舒服 = I'm feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I don't feel well ③I have a stomach ache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomach ache = There is something wrong with my stomach= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach④ When did it start？什么時(shí)候開始的？⑤ You should drink more water. 表建議You shouldn't eat more.2. That's a good idea 好主意 That's too bad 太糟糕了 3. I have no idea = I don't know 我不知道 4. I'm sorry to hear that.聽到此事我很難過(guò)2 核心知識(shí) 1.身體各部位名稱P7 1a2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should 與shouldn't 表建議3. have a cold / stomachache / toothache / fever/ sore throat 4. see a dentist / doctor 5. soon 一會(huì)兒6. feel 覺(jué)得，get 變， stay 保持， keep 保持，sound 聽起來(lái)是系動(dòng)詞常和形容詞連用如：feel happy , get tired, stay / keep healthy 7. lie down 躺下 8. for example 例如9. too much 太多+不可數(shù)名詞， too many 太多+可數(shù)名詞， much too 太+形容詞10. stressed out壓抑筋疲力盡11. it's +形容詞+ to do sth. 做某事怎么樣12. a few 一些修飾可數(shù)名詞 a little 一些修飾不可數(shù)名詞 few 少許修飾可數(shù)名詞表否定 little 少許修飾不可數(shù)名詞表否定13. at the moment = now 此刻常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用14. neck and neck 并駕齊驅(qū)，齊頭并進(jìn)15. I think so 我認(rèn)為如此16. tooth n . 復(fù)數(shù)形式teeth2 熟讀 P7 1a , P8 , P9 3a , P10 1a 形 1b 建議， P11 4 , P12 22 寫作看病Unit 32 句子1. What are you doing for vacation? I'm visiting my grandmother.2. When are you doing? I'm going on Monday.3.That sounds nice / interesting.4. 問(wèn)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 How long are you staying? For four days.5.Can I ask you some questions？2 核心知識(shí)1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表一般將來(lái)時(shí) 常用的動(dòng)詞有： is / am / are going is / am / are leaving is / am / are coming 2. take walks == go for a walk散步3. some 一些， any 一些 4. sing v.—singer n.5. take a vacation=take vacations=go on vacation 6. think about考慮 7. something different8. plan to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事 9. spend time 10. finish doing 完成做某事 11. a lot 許多12. need to do sth.需要做某事13. go camping 去野營(yíng) go shopping 去買東西 go swimming 去游泳 go boating去劃船 go skating 去溜冰 go walking去散步 go climbing 去登山 go fishing 去釣魚 go hiking 去徒步遠(yuǎn)足 go dancing去跳舞 go sightseeing 去觀光14. do some shopping 買東西 do some washing 洗衣服do some cooking 做飯 do some reading 讀書do some speaking訓(xùn)練口語(yǔ)15.. how about=what about ……怎么樣？ 16. go back , come back , get back 回來(lái) 17. tour n.—tourist n.2 寫作 P17 3a 假期計(jì)劃2 熟讀 P14 GF , P15 3a , P16 1a , P 17 3a Unit 42 句子1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike. 2. How does he get to school? He takes the train. 3. 問(wèn)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間How long does it take? It takes about 10 minutes. 4. 問(wèn)路程 How far is it ? How far is it from home to school? It is about 10 kilometers. 5. Don't worry.2 核心知識(shí)1. by bike, by bus, by subway, by taxi, by boat, by car, by train（乘坐……車，放在句尾） 2. take the taxi / train / bus/ subway / car 3. ride a bike 騎自行車4. walk to+地點(diǎn) 走到…5. have a quick breakfast6. how long 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 how far 多遠(yuǎn) how often 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次how much, how many 多少7. get to school 到校 get home/there /hereget to == arrive in /at == reach 到達(dá)8. leave for 離開去… 9. first , next , 。

4.八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)期中復(fù)習(xí)重要短語(yǔ)句型

新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上前六單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)講練I. language goals （語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)）1. Talk about how often you do things談?wù)撟鍪虑榈念l率。

2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions. 談?wù)摻】翟掝}以及提出建議。3. Talk about future plans. 談?wù)撐磥?lái)的計(jì)劃/打算。

4. Talk about how to get to places. 談?wù)摰竭_(dá)某地的方式。5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons. 學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)出，接受和拒絕邀請(qǐng)并說(shuō)出原因。

6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people. 學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)搨€(gè)人品質(zhì)以及如何比較人們。II. Key Phrases （重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)）：1. how often多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次 2. junk food垃圾食品 3. a lot of許多4. hardly ever很少 5. start with以…開始 6. try to do sth. 試著去做某事7. look after照料 8. be kind of unhealthy有點(diǎn)不健康9. once a day一天一次 10. twice a month一個(gè)月兩次 11. be good for對(duì)…有好處12. once in a while偶爾 13. see a doctor / dentist看病/看牙醫(yī)14. get a cold / fever感冒/發(fā)燒 15. have a stomachache肚子疼16. have a toothache牙疼 17. have a sore throat嗓子疼18. lie down and rest躺下休息 19. drink hot tea with honey喝加蜂蜜的熱茶20. be stressed out緊張 21. listen to … 聽…22. get tired變的疲勞 23. keep healthy保持健康24. at the moment此刻；目前 25. watch TV看電視26. play basketball打籃球 27. babysit her sister照看她的妹妹28. visit my friend拜訪我的朋友 29. relax at home在家放松30. sports camp運(yùn)動(dòng)野營(yíng) 31. something interesting32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing 去徒步旅行/野營(yíng)/釣魚/購(gòu)物/觀光33. go away離開 34. get back to school返回學(xué)校35. stay for a week呆一個(gè)星期 36. go bike riding騎自行車兜風(fēng)37. takes walks散步 38. rent videos租錄像帶39. sleep a lot睡得多 40. think about考慮41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane乘地鐵/公共車/小船/飛機(jī) 42. get to到達(dá)43. go by bus / plane / boat乘公共車/飛機(jī)/小船44. train / subway / bus station火車/地鐵/公共車站45. bus ride乘公共車的旅行 46. ride a bike騎自行車47. bus stop公共汽車站 48. on foot步行49. leave for離開去… 50. school bus學(xué)校班車51. the early bus早班車 52. be different from與…不同53. half past six六點(diǎn)半 54. in North America在北美洲55. a quick breakfast快捷的早餐 56. need to do需要做…57. more than多于 58. play soccer踢足球59. baseball game棒球比賽 60. school team校隊(duì)61. come over to過(guò)來(lái)到… 62. the day after tomorrow后天63. be good at擅長(zhǎng)于… 64. two years ago兩年前65. be outgoing外向的 66. all the time一直67. in some ways在一些方面 68. look the same看起來(lái)一樣69. talk to everyone與大家談話 70. make me laugh使我笑III. Key Sentence Structures重要句型： Unit 1: 1. -What do you usually do on weekends? -I usually go to the movies. 2. -What does he sometimes do on weekends? -He sometimes surfs the Internet. 3. How often do you exercise? I exercise once a week. 4. How often does she eat vegetables? She eats vegetables three times a day. 5. Most of the students go to the beach every year. 6. It makes a big difference to my grades. 7. My eating habits are pretty good. Unit 2: 1. What's the matter? What's wrong? What's the trouble? 2. I'm not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat. /I have a lot of headaches. 3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist. You should drink some hot tea with honey. 4. You shouldn't eat anything for 24 hours. 5. Don't get stressed out. It will make you sick. 6. I'm sorry to hear that you are not feeling well. Unit 3 1. -What is she doing for vacation? -She is babysitting her little sister. -That sounds nice / interesting. 2. -When are you going? -I'm going on Monday. 3. -Where are they going? -They are going to Tibet. 4. -Who is she going with? -She is going with her parents. 5. -How long is he staying. -He is staying for a week. 6. -How is the weather there? -I'm hoping the weather will be nice. 7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June. 8. Have a good time. Unit 4: 1. -How do you get to school? -I get to school by bus. 2. -How does he go to work? -He usually walks to school. 3. -How long does it take? -It takes about twenty minutes. 4. -How far is it from his home to school? -It's three miles. 5. What do you think of the transportation in your town? Unit 5: 1. -Can you come to my party on Wednesday? -Sure, I'd love to. / I'm sorry, I have to have a piano lesson. 2. -Can she go to the movies on Saturday? -No, she can't. She has to help her mom. 3. -Can you go to the concert on Monday? -When is it? -It's at four o'clock on Friday. 4. Thanks a lot for the invitation. 5. I'm going to study for a test this evening. 6. What's the date today? Unit 6 1. Pedro is funnier than Paul. 2. Tina is (a little)taller than Tara. 3. I am more athlet。

5.初二上期期中各科復(fù)習(xí)提綱

你好！我有生物和物理的，希望可以幫到你！八年級(jí)生物上冊(cè)期中考試復(fù)習(xí)提綱一、水中生活的動(dòng)物1、目前已知的動(dòng)物約150萬(wàn)種，按有無(wú)脊柱分為脊椎動(dòng)物和無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物兩大類。

按生活環(huán)境分為陸地生活動(dòng)物、水中生活動(dòng)物和空中生活動(dòng)物。2、水生動(dòng)物最常見的是魚，此外，還有 ①腔腸動(dòng)物，如海葵、珊瑚蟲；②軟體動(dòng)物，如烏賊、章魚； ③甲殼動(dòng)物，如蝦、蟹；④海豚（哺乳動(dòng)物）、龜（爬行動(dòng)物）等其他水生動(dòng)物。

3、魚適應(yīng)水中生活最重要的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：①能靠游泳來(lái)獲取食物和防御敵害。 ②能在水中呼吸。

4、四大家魚是：青魚、鰱魚、草魚和鳙魚。5、魚是較低等的脊椎動(dòng)物。

6、魚的外形呈梭形，其作用是：減少游泳阻力，適于游泳。魚體分三大部分：頭部、軀干部和尾部。

8、魚在游泳時(shí)主要靠身體軀干部和尾鰭的左右擺動(dòng)擊動(dòng)水流產(chǎn)生前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力，其它魚鰭起輔助作用。魚在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，背鰭、胸鰭、和腹鰭都有維持平衡的作用，尾鰭有決定魚運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的作用。

9、魚的感覺(jué)器官是側(cè)線（感覺(jué)水流、測(cè)定方向）。10、魚鰓為鮮紅色，因?yàn)閮?nèi)含豐富的毛細(xì)血管；鰓絲既多又細(xì)，其作用是大大增加了跟水的接觸面積，促進(jìn)血和外界進(jìn)行氣體交換。

12、水由魚口流入鰓，然后由鰓蓋后緣（鰓孔）流出。在水流經(jīng)鰓絲時(shí)，水中溶解的_氧氣_進(jìn)入鰓絲的毛細(xì)血管中，而二氧化碳由鰓絲排放到水中；所以經(jīng)鰓流出的水流與由口流入的水流相比，氧氣的含量減少，二氧化碳的含量增高。

13、魚類的主要特征有：適于水中生活；體表被鱗片；用鰓呼吸；通過(guò)尾部的擺動(dòng)和魚鯽的協(xié)調(diào)作用游泳。14、?？?、海蜇、珊瑚蟲等動(dòng)物的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，它們有口無(wú)肛門，食物從口進(jìn)入消化腔，消化后的食物殘?jiān)杂煽谂懦鲶w外。

這些動(dòng)物稱為腔腸動(dòng)物。15、像河蚌、蛾螺等身體柔軟靠貝殼來(lái)保護(hù)身體的動(dòng)物稱為軟體動(dòng)物。

烏賊、章魚貝殼退化，也是軟體動(dòng)物。16、蝦類和蟹類等體表長(zhǎng)有質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬的甲，叫甲殼動(dòng)物。

17、水中的各種生物都是水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。它們之間通過(guò)食物鏈和食物網(wǎng)，形成緊密而復(fù)雜的聯(lián)系，同時(shí)又都受水域環(huán)境的影響，其種類的變化和數(shù)量的消長(zhǎng)都會(huì)影響到人類的生活。

18、海馬是魚類，鯨、海豚、海豹是哺乳動(dòng)物，龜、海龜是爬行動(dòng)物。二、陸地生活的動(dòng)物-------蚯蚓1、陸地環(huán)境特點(diǎn)與陸生動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)：①氣候干燥……有防止體內(nèi)水分散失的結(jié)構(gòu)，如爬行動(dòng)物有角質(zhì)的鱗或甲，昆蟲有外骨骼. ②缺少水的浮力……具有支持軀體和運(yùn)動(dòng)的器官.，有多種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式. 如：爬行、行走、跳躍、奔跑、攀援等，以便覓食和避敵。

③氣態(tài)氧供呼吸……具能在空氣中呼吸的、位于身體內(nèi)部的呼吸器官，如肺和氣管（蚯蚓例外，靠體壁呼吸） ④晝夜溫差大，環(huán)境變化快而復(fù)雜……有發(fā)達(dá)的感覺(jué)器官和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，對(duì)多變環(huán)境及時(shí)作出反應(yīng)。2、蚯蚓生活富含腐殖質(zhì)的濕潤(rùn)土壤中，通過(guò)肌肉和剛毛的配合使身體蠕動(dòng)，靠能分泌粘液、始終保持濕潤(rùn)的體壁呼吸。

可根據(jù)環(huán)帶著生在身體前端來(lái)判斷首尾（環(huán)帶也叫生殖帶）。3、蚯蚓身體分節(jié)的意義：可使蚯蚓的軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)靈活自如、轉(zhuǎn)向方便。

4、用手指觸摸蚯蚓體節(jié)近腹面處，有粗糙不平的感覺(jué)，用放大鏡觀察，看到腹面有許多小突起就是剛毛，剛毛的作用是協(xié)助運(yùn)動(dòng)（固著；支持）5、蚯蚓在潮濕土壤的深層穴居的原因：因?yàn)槟転轵球咎峁┻m宜的生存、生活的環(huán)境及繁衍的條件，一般包括適宜的溫度、濕度、氣態(tài)氧、食物和便于避敵的棲息場(chǎng)所等。6、在觀察蚯蚓的實(shí)驗(yàn)中為什么要經(jīng)常用浸水的濕棉球輕擦蚯蚓體表，使體表保持濕潤(rùn)：蚯蚓沒(méi)有呼吸系統(tǒng)，要靠能分泌粘液、始終保持濕潤(rùn)的體壁呼吸。

7、蚯蚓的生活環(huán)境：具有一定溫度和濕度、溫差變化不大、富含腐殖質(zhì)的土壤中穴居生活。生活習(xí)性和食性：一般晝伏夜出，以植物的枯葉、朽根和其他有機(jī)物為食。

8、大雨過(guò)后蚯蚓會(huì)紛紛爬到地面上來(lái)原因：大雨過(guò)后，過(guò)多的雨水會(huì)將土壤中的空氣排擠出去，于是穴居的蚯蚓被迫爬到地表上來(lái)呼吸。9、蚯蚓的呼吸過(guò)程：蚯蚓的體壁密布毛細(xì)血管，空氣中的氧氣先溶解在體表粘液里，然后進(jìn)入體壁的毛細(xì)血管中。

體內(nèi)的二氧化碳也經(jīng)體壁的毛細(xì)血管有體表排出。10、身體由許多相似的環(huán)狀體節(jié)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)物叫環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)物，如蚯蚓、沙蠶、水蛭。

三、陸地生活的動(dòng)物-------兔1、哺乳動(dòng)物：具胎生、哺乳（后代成活率高），體表被毛，體溫恒定等特征.如兔、大熊貓2、恒溫動(dòng)物：可通過(guò)自身的調(diào)節(jié)而維持體溫的恒定，使體溫不隨外界的變化而變化的動(dòng)物，包括鳥類和哺乳動(dòng)物.反之，體溫隨環(huán)境溫度變化而改變的動(dòng)物是變溫動(dòng)物，如蛇、昆蟲等。恒溫意義：減少對(duì)外界環(huán)境依賴性，擴(kuò)大生活和分布范圍3、兔：體表被毛（保溫作用），用肺呼吸，心臟四腔，體循環(huán)和肺循環(huán)兩條途徑，體溫恒定，牙分門齒和臼齒，盲腸發(fā)達(dá)（在細(xì)菌作用下，有助于植物纖維質(zhì)的消化），大腦發(fā)達(dá)，四肢發(fā)達(dá)靈活。

4、跳躍是兔的主要運(yùn)動(dòng)形式（后退比前腿長(zhǎng)且肌肉發(fā)達(dá)）。5、兔的食性：植物（草）。

兔的身體分為：頭、軀干、絲織和尾四部分。6、兔的牙齒分化為門齒和臼齒。

門齒似鑿子適于切斷食物，臼齒咀嚼面寬闊適于磨碎食物。兔的盲。

6.牛津初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)